    /*  import google fonts */
    
    @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Ubuntu:wght@400;500;700&display=swap');
    * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        text-decoration: none;
    }
    
    html {
        scroll-behavior: smooth;
    }
    /* custom scroll bar */
    
     ::-webkit-scrollbar {
        width: 10px;
    }
    
     ::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
        background: #f1f1f1;
    }
    
     ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
        background: #888;
    }
    
     ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
        background: #555;
    }
    /* all similar content styling codes */
    
    section {
        padding: 100px 0;
    }
    
    .max-width {
        max-width: 1300px;
        padding: 0 80px;
        margin: auto;
    }
    
    .about,
    .services,
    .skills,
    .teams,
    .contact,
    footer {
        font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
    }
    
    .about .about-content,
    .services .serv-content,
    .skills .skills-content,
    .contact .contact-content {
        display: flex;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }
    
    section .title {
        position: relative;
        text-align: center;
        font-size: 40px;
        font-weight: 500;
        margin-bottom: 60px;
        padding-bottom: 20px;
        font-family: 'Ubuntu', sans-serif;
    }
    
    section .title::before {
        content: "";
        position: absolute;
        bottom: 0px;
        left: 50%;
        width: 180px;
        height: 3px;
        /* background: #111; */
        transform: translateX(-50%);
    }
    
    section .title::after {
        position: absolute;
        bottom: -8px;
        left: 50%;
        font-size: 20px;
        color: crimson;
        padding: 0 5px;
        background: #fff;
        transform: translateX(-50%);
    }
    /* navbar styling */
    
    .navbar {
        position: fixed;
        width: 100%;
        z-index: 999;
        padding: 30px 0;
        font-family: 'Ubuntu', sans-serif;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .navbar.sticky {
        padding: 15px 0;
        background: crimson;
    }
    
    .navbar .max-width {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }
    
    .navbar .logo a {
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 35px;
        font-weight: 600;
    }
    
    .navbar .logo a span {
        color: crimson;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .navbar.sticky .logo a span {
        color: #fff;
    }
    
    .navbar .menu li {
        list-style: none;
        display: inline-block;
    }
    
    .navbar .menu li a {
        display: block;
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 18px;
        font-weight: 500;
        margin-left: 25px;
        transition: color 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .navbar .menu li a:hover {
        color: crimson;
    }
    
    .navbar.sticky .menu li a:hover {
        color: #fff;
    }
    /* menu btn styling */
    
    .menu-btn {
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 23px;
        cursor: pointer;
        display: none;
    }
    
    .scroll-up-btn {
        position: fixed;
        height: 45px;
        width: 42px;
        background: crimson;
        right: 30px;
        bottom: 10px;
        text-align: center;
        line-height: 45px;
        color: #fff;
        z-index: 9999;
        font-size: 30px;
        border-radius: 6px;
        border-bottom-width: 2px;
        cursor: pointer;
        opacity: 0;
        pointer-events: none;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .scroll-up-btn.show {
        bottom: 30px;
        opacity: 1;
        pointer-events: auto;
    }
    
    .scroll-up-btn:hover {
        filter: brightness(90%);
    }
    /* home section styling */
    
    .home {
        display: flex;
        background: url("images/banner.jpg") no-repeat center;
        height: 100vh;
        color: #fff;
        min-height: 500px;
        background-size: cover;
        background-attachment: fixed;
        font-family: 'Ubuntu', sans-serif;
    }
    
    .home .max-width {
        width: 100%;
        display: flex;
    }
    
    .home .max-width .row {
        margin-right: 0;
    }
    
    .home .home-content .text-1 {
        font-size: 27px;
    }
    
    .home .home-content .text-2 {
        font-size: 75px;
        font-weight: 600;
        margin-left: -3px;
    }
    
    .home .home-content .text-3 {
        font-size: 40px;
        margin: 5px 0;
    }
    
    .home .home-content .text-3 span {
        color: crimson;
        font-weight: 500;
    }
    
    .home .home-content a {
        display: inline-block;
        background: crimson;
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 25px;
        padding: 12px 36px;
        margin-top: 20px;
        font-weight: 400;
        border-radius: 6px;
        border: 2px solid crimson;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .home .home-content a:hover {
        color: crimson;
        background: none;
    }
    /* about section styling */
    /* .about .title::after {
    content: "who i am";
} */
    
    .about .about-content .left {
        width: 45%;
    }
    
    .about .about-content .left img {
        height: 400px;
        width: 400px;
        object-fit: cover;
        border-radius: 6px;
    }
    
    .about .about-content .right {
        width: 55%;
    }
    
    .about .about-content .right .text {
        font-size: 25px;
        font-weight: 600;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
    
    .about .about-content .right .text span {
        color: crimson;
    }
    
    .about .about-content .right p {
        text-align: justify;
    }
    
    .about .about-content .right a {
        display: inline-block;
        background: crimson;
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 20px;
        font-weight: 500;
        padding: 10px 30px;
        margin-top: 20px;
        border-radius: 6px;
        border: 2px solid crimson;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .about .about-content .right a:hover {
        color: crimson;
        background: none;
    }
    /* services section styling */
    
    .services,
    .teams {
        color: #fff;
        background: #111;
    }
    /* .services .title::before,
    .teams .title::before {
        background: #fff;
    } */
    
    .services .title::after,
    .teams .title::after {
        background: #111;
        /* content: "what i provide"; */
    }
    
    .services .serv-content .card {
        width: calc(33% - 20px);
        background: #222;
        text-align: center;
        border-radius: 6px;
        padding: 50px 25px;
        cursor: pointer;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .services .serv-content .card:hover {
        background: crimson;
    }
    
    .services .serv-content .card .box {
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .services .serv-content .card:hover .box {
        transform: scale(1.05);
    }
    
    .services .serv-content .card i {
        font-size: 50px;
        color: crimson;
        transition: color 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .services .serv-content .card:hover i {
        color: #fff;
    }
    
    .services .serv-content .card .text {
        font-size: 25px;
        font-weight: 500;
        margin: 10px 0 7px 0;
    }
    /* skills section styling */
    /* .skills .title::after {
    content: "what i know";
} */
    
    .skills .skills-content .column {
        width: calc(50% - 30px);
    }
    
    .skills .skills-content .left .text {
        font-size: 20px;
        font-weight: 600;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
    
    .skills .skills-content .left p {
        text-align: justify;
    }
    
    .skills .skills-content .left a {
        display: inline-block;
        background: crimson;
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 18px;
        font-weight: 500;
        padding: 8px 16px;
        margin-top: 20px;
        border-radius: 6px;
        border: 2px solid crimson;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .skills .skills-content .left a:hover {
        color: crimson;
        background: none;
    }
    
    .skills .skills-content .right .bars {
        margin-bottom: 15px;
    }
    
    .skills .skills-content .right .info {
        display: flex;
        margin-bottom: 5px;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }
    
    .skills .skills-content .right span {
        font-weight: 500;
        font-size: 18px;
    }
    
    .skills .skills-content .right .line {
        height: 5px;
        width: 100%;
        background: lightgrey;
        position: relative;
    }
    
    .skills .skills-content .right .line::before {
        content: "";
        position: absolute;
        height: 100%;
        left: 0;
        top: 0;
        background: crimson;
    }
    
    .skills-content .right .html::before {
        width: 80%;
    }
    
    .skills-content .right .css::before {
        width: 60%;
    }
    
    .skills-content .right .js::before {
        width: 70%;
    }
    
    .skills-content .right .react::before {
        width: 50%;
    }
    
    .skills-content .right .python::before {
        width: 80%;
    }
    
    .skills-content .right .django::before {
        width: 70%;
    }
    
    .skills-content .right .arcgis::before {
        width: 80%;
    }
    
    .skills-content .right .qgis::before {
        width: 80%;
    }
    
    .skills-content .right .envi::before {
        width: 60%;
    }
    /* teams section styling */
    /* 
.teams .title::after {
    content: "who with me";
}

.teams .carousel .card {
    background: #222;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 25px 35px;
    text-align: center;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.teams .carousel .card:hover {
    background: crimson;
}

.teams .carousel .card .box {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.teams .carousel .card:hover .box {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.teams .carousel .card .text {
    font-size: 25px;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 10px 0 7px 0;
}

.teams .carousel .card img {
    height: 150px;
    width: 150px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 5px solid crimson;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.teams .carousel .card:hover img {
    border-color: #fff;
}

.owl-dots {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.owl-dot {
    height: 13px;
    width: 13px;
    margin: 0 5px;
    outline: none!important;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 2px solid crimson!important;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.owl-dot.active {
    width: 35px;
    border-radius: 14px;
}

.owl-dot.active,
.owl-dot:hover {
    background: crimson!important;
} */
    /* contact section styling */
    /* .contact .title::after {
    content: "get in touch";
} */
    
    .contact .contact-content .column {
        width: calc(50% - 30px);
    }
    
    .contact .contact-content .text {
        font-size: 20px;
        font-weight: 600;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
    
    .contact .contact-content .left p {
        text-align: justify;
    }
    
    .contact .contact-content .left .icons {
        margin: 10px 0;
    }
    
    .contact .contact-content .row {
        display: flex;
        height: 65px;
        align-items: center;
    }
    
    .contact .contact-content .row .info {
        margin-left: 30px;
    }
    
    .contact .contact-content .row i {
        font-size: 25px;
        color: crimson;
    }
    
    .contact .contact-content .info .head {
        font-weight: 500;
    }
    
    .contact .contact-content .info .sub-title {
        color: #333;
    }
    
    .contact .right form .fields {
        display: flex;
    }
    
    .contact .right form .field,
    .contact .right form .fields .field {
        height: 45px;
        width: 100%;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
    }
    
    .contact .right form .textarea {
        height: 80px;
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .contact .right form .name {
        margin-right: 10px;
    }
    
    .contact .right form .field input,
    .contact .right form .textarea textarea {
        height: 100%;
        width: 100%;
        border: 1px solid lightgrey;
        border-radius: 6px;
        outline: none;
        padding: 0 15px;
        font-size: 17px;
        font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .contact .right form .field input:focus,
    .contact .right form .textarea textarea:focus {
        border-color: #b3b3b3;
    }
    
    .contact .right form .textarea textarea {
        padding-top: 10px;
        resize: none;
    }
    
    .contact .right form .button-area {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
    }
    
    .right form .button-area button {
        color: #fff;
        display: block;
        width: 160px!important;
        height: 45px;
        outline: none;
        font-size: 18px;
        font-weight: 500;
        border-radius: 6px;
        cursor: pointer;
        flex-wrap: nowrap;
        background: crimson;
        border: 2px solid crimson;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .right form .button-area button:hover {
        color: crimson;
        background: none;
    }
    
    .social {
        color: rgb(12, 12, 12);
        height: 50px;
        /* background-color: crimson; */
        border-radius: 6px;
        cursor: pointer;
        border: 2px solid crimson;
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }
    
    .social:hover {
        /* color: crimson; */
        background: none;
        
    }
    
    .social ul {
        list-style-type: none;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    
    .social p {
        float: left;
        font-size: 18px;
        font-weight: 500;
        padding: 9px 8px 8px 20px;
        left: auto;
        text-align: justify;
    }
    
    .social li {
        float: right;
    }
    
    .social li a {
        display: block;
        text-align: center;
        padding: 8px;
        text-decoration: none;
    }
    
    .social li a i {
        font-size: 30px;
        color: rgb(66, 24, 134);
    }
    .social li a i:hover {
        transform: scale(1.5);
        color: crimson;
    }
    
    .max-width .address {
        padding: 20px 0px 20px 0px;
    }
    
    .max-width .map {
        border-radius: 6px;
        border: 2px solid crimson
    }
    /* footer section styling */
    
    footer {
        background: #111;
        padding: 15px 23px;
        color: #fff;
        text-align: center;
        position: fixed;
        bottom: 0;
        width: 100% !important;
    }
    
    footer span a:hover {
        text-decoration: underline;
    }
    /* responsive media query start */
    
    @media (max-width: 1104px) {
        .about .about-content .left img {
            height: 350px;
            width: 350px;
        }
    }
    
    @media (max-width: 991px) {
        .max-width {
            padding: 0 50px;
        }
    }
    
    @media (max-width: 947px) {
        .menu-btn {
            display: block;
            z-index: 999;
        }
        .menu-btn i.active:before {
            content: "\f00d";
        }
        .navbar .menu {
            position: fixed;
            height: 100vh;
            width: 100%;
            left: -100%;
            top: 0;
            background: #111;
            text-align: center;
            padding-top: 80px;
            transition: all 0.3s ease;
        }
        .navbar .menu.active {
            left: 0;
        }
        .navbar .menu li {
            display: block;
        }
        .navbar .menu li a {
            display: inline-block;
            margin: 20px 0;
            font-size: 25px;
        }
        .home .home-content .text-2 {
            font-size: 70px;
        }
        .home .home-content .text-3 {
            font-size: 35px;
        }
        .home .home-content a {
            font-size: 23px;
            padding: 10px 30px;
        }
        .max-width {
            max-width: 930px;
        }
        .about .about-content .column {
            width: 100%;
        }
        .about .about-content .left {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            margin: 0 auto 60px;
        }
        .about .about-content .right {
            flex: 100%;
        }
        .services .serv-content .card {
            width: calc(50% - 10px);
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        .skills .skills-content .column,
        .contact .contact-content .column {
            width: 100%;
            margin-bottom: 35px;
        }
    }
    
    @media (max-width: 690px) {
        .max-width {
            padding: 0 23px;
        }
        .home .home-content .text-2 {
            font-size: 60px;
        }
        .home .home-content .text-3 {
            font-size: 32px;
        }
        .home .home-content a {
            font-size: 20px;
        }
        .services .serv-content .card {
            width: 100%;
        }
    }
    
    @media (max-width: 500px) {
        .home .home-content .text-2 {
            font-size: 50px;
        }
        .home .home-content .text-3 {
            font-size: 27px;
        }
        .about .about-content .right .text,
        .skills .skills-content .left .text {
            font-size: 19px;
        }
        .contact .right form .fields {
            flex-direction: column;
        }
        .contact .right form .name,
        .contact .right form .email {
            margin: 0;
        }
        .right form .error-box {
            width: 150px;
        }
        .scroll-up-btn {
            right: 15px;
            bottom: 15px;
            height: 38px;
            width: 35px;
            font-size: 23px;
            line-height: 38px;
        }
        .social p{
            display: none;
        }
        .social ul{
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
        }
    }